Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic (PV) panels, have revolutionised the energy industry. This solution-centric innovation harnesses renewable energy from the sun to generate electricity, combating climate contamination from fossil fuel consumption. Let’s delve into the basics of solar manufacturing to understand the fascinating mechanism of this clean energy technology!
Silicon Production
The manufacturing process begins with the production of silicon. Silicon is the standard material employed in solar panel manufacturing. Raw silicon derived from sand or quartzite is refined by subjecting it to several purification steps.
Next, the purified silicon is transformed into large cylindrical ingots by melting and solidification. These ingots are sliced into ultra-thin wafers and measure about 150-200 micrometres. The size depends on the solar panel model and application.
Solar Cell Creation
The second step in the manufacturing process is cell creation. The manufactured silicon wafers form the base for the cells. The wafer’s surface is coated with a thin anti-reflective layer. This coating enhances the cell’s ability to capture sunlight.
Next comes wafer doping. Doping incorporates specific impurities into the wafer, such as phosphorus and boron, into the crystal structure. This creates a semi-conduction junction with one side of the wafer being positively charged (P-type) and the other negatively charged (N-type).
The P-N junction is the powerhouse of a solar cell. When sunlight comes in contact with the cell, it powers the semiconductor with electrons and generates an electric current. Conductive metal parts are integrated into the cell’s front and back surfaces to facilitate electric flow.
Solar Panel Assembly
Once the solar cells are configured, they are interlinked in a series of parallel arrangements for the desired voltage and current output. Multiple solar cells combine to form a solar module or solar panel.
The solar cells are embedded in a protective layer of ethylene-vinyl acetate ( EVA) and tempered glass. This safeguards the vulnerable cells from external elements without compromising sunlight penetration. The tempered glass also protects the cells from physical force and promotes longevity.
Quality Control
Quality control is a critical stage of solar panel manufacturing. Stringent tests are carried out at various stages of production to identify and address defects. Each solar cell is carefully inspected for impurities, cracks and other deficiencies. Additionally, the assembled solar panels undergo performance and validation testing to assess their electrical output and efficiency.
Recycling
Present-day solar manufacturers and retailers like Solar Fasten strive to implement sustainable practices from production to distribution. These commendable practices include utilising eco-friendly materials and minimising waste generation and energy consumption. Some manufacturers also establish recycling programs to redeem constructive components from damaged or expired solar panels.
In Summary
Solar panel manufacturing is a sophisticated yet intriguing procedure that combines leading-edge technology with sustainable practices. With the increasing demand for renewable energy, experts project a future where the evolution of manufacturing approaches and materials will birth more efficient and cost-friendly solar panels. Also, investing in solar energy mitigates carbon footprint and paves the path to a greener and more sustainable future. Now that you’ve understood the process, you will better appreciate solar panels the next time you see one!
